SCROLLS: Standardized CompaRison Over Long Language Sequences
Paper • 2201.03533 • Published • 1
id stringlengths 16 17 | question stringlengths 11 489 | context stringclasses 150
values | A stringlengths 1 363 | B stringlengths 1 329 | C stringlengths 1 385 | D stringlengths 1 369 | label int64 0 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
52995_I3M5VUMM_1 | Why is Si retirement so significant to the Space Exploration Team? | SPACEMAN ON A SPREE
BY MACK REYNOLDS
Illustrated by Nodel
What's more important—Man's conquest
of space, or one spaceman's life?
I
They gave him a gold watch. It was meant to be symbolical, of course.
In the old tradition. It was in the way of an antique, being one of the
tim... | There aren’t enough working people in the world. They won’t be able to find a replacement. | As one of two remaining spacemen, it would likely mean the defunding and shut down of the Space Exploration Team. | Training new spacemen is costly and time consuming. They won’t have anyone else ready after him. | His retirement may inspire others to stop working as well, which would be hugely detrimental as most people don't feel the drive to work as is. | 2 |
52995_I3M5VUMM_2 | What makes Gubelin an outlier in the present day? | SPACEMAN ON A SPREE
BY MACK REYNOLDS
Illustrated by Nodel
What's more important—Man's conquest
of space, or one spaceman's life?
I
They gave him a gold watch. It was meant to be symbolical, of course.
In the old tradition. It was in the way of an antique, being one of the
tim... | He is much older than the rest of the population. | He refuses new operations that could improve his health. | His mind is still active, and he values hard work. | He still wears glasses and value objects like the gold watch given to Si. | 3 |
52995_I3M5VUMM_3 | What is the main reason that Gubelin is so resentful of Si’s decision? | SPACEMAN ON A SPREE
BY MACK REYNOLDS
Illustrated by Nodel
What's more important—Man's conquest
of space, or one spaceman's life?
I
They gave him a gold watch. It was meant to be symbolical, of course.
In the old tradition. It was in the way of an antique, being one of the
tim... | He doesn’t want to have to go through the effort of training a new spaceman, as it’s very costly and time consuming. | He regrets not having the opportunity of space exploration himself. | He fears the end of the Space Exploration program, and for mankind’s research of space to come to an end. | He hates the Welfare State and how it’s taken away people’s drive to learn and explore. | 2 |
52995_I3M5VUMM_4 | What is the main reason behind the Welfare State operating as it does? | SPACEMAN ON A SPREE
BY MACK REYNOLDS
Illustrated by Nodel
What's more important—Man's conquest
of space, or one spaceman's life?
I
They gave him a gold watch. It was meant to be symbolical, of course.
In the old tradition. It was in the way of an antique, being one of the
tim... | Automation with computers has made the need to work largely obsolete. | The current populace is not skilled enough to work, and thus most people are a part of the Welfare State | The government does not want new workers, and is content supplying people with the funds they need to get through life. | Overtime, the public has lost its drive to work. Thus, no one enforces a workforce. | 0 |
52995_I3M5VUMM_5 | What happens to drafted workers? | SPACEMAN ON A SPREE
BY MACK REYNOLDS
Illustrated by Nodel
What's more important—Man's conquest
of space, or one spaceman's life?
I
They gave him a gold watch. It was meant to be symbolical, of course.
In the old tradition. It was in the way of an antique, being one of the
tim... | They train and work for a time, then retire with extra funds. | They receive no pay, and have to undergo training and work for some time | They are called upon throughout their life for periods of work. | They work a short period of time, then return to normal life. | 0 |
52995_I3M5VUMM_6 | Why is Si so astonished when there is a real bartender working the bar? | SPACEMAN ON A SPREE
BY MACK REYNOLDS
Illustrated by Nodel
What's more important—Man's conquest
of space, or one spaceman's life?
I
They gave him a gold watch. It was meant to be symbolical, of course.
In the old tradition. It was in the way of an antique, being one of the
tim... | He hasn’t been talking to people, and Si is caught off guard seeing someone face to face again after so long. | He’s never seen a bartender before, nor been in an establishment that has one. | He was in his thoughts considering his money, and was caught off guard. | He didn’t expect it. It’s a job that is normally automated, and it’s shocking to see a human working it. | 3 |
52995_I3M5VUMM_7 | Why does Si deliberate on how to spend his night? | "SPACEMAN ON A SPREE\n\n\n\n\n BY MACK REYNOLDS\n\n\n\n\n Illustrated by Nodel\n\n\n\n\n What'(...TRUNCATED) | He finally has the opportunity to let loose, and wants to revel in it. | He’s spent his money on “cheap” entertainment in the past, and wants to do better now. | He’s not used to this freedom and is unsure what to do. | He’s not used to living this way and is uncomfortable. | 1 |
52995_I3M5VUMM_8 | What is the “space cafard” that Si describes? | "SPACEMAN ON A SPREE\n\n\n\n\n BY MACK REYNOLDS\n\n\n\n\n Illustrated by Nodel\n\n\n\n\n What'(...TRUNCATED) | It’s the isolation that spacemen feel working alone in space, with only computers as company | It’s the public’s adverse opinion of space exploration that Gubelin tries to hide. | It’s the desire to return home from a long voyage. | "It is the current system of operations for spacecraft, where people man ships with only one person.(...TRUNCATED) | 0 |
63477_65UJ979R_1 | What caused the error in O'Rielly's controls? | "IMAGE OF SPLENDOR\n\n\n\n\n By LU KELLA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n From Venus to Earth, and all the way bet(...TRUNCATED) | A control malfunctioned and reset itself. | He missed something when they were preparing. | The controls weren't locked before take-off. | The Venus woman tampered with it. | 3 |
63477_65UJ979R_2 | O'Rielly starts to talk about "venus dames" unprompted and acting strangely. Why? | "IMAGE OF SPLENDOR\n\n\n\n\n By LU KELLA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n From Venus to Earth, and all the way bet(...TRUNCATED) | He's out of sorts from working on the controls. The heat got to him. | He's had an experience with them in the past, and wants to discuss is with Callahan. | It's the effect that Venus women have on Earth men. The woman's presence changes his focus. | He's embarrassed about the controls malfunction and is trying to change the subject | 2 |
This dataset is derived from tau/scrolls dataset by running the following script:
import re
from datasets import load_dataset
quality_dataset = load_dataset("tau/scrolls", "quality")
def parse_example(example):
text = example["input"]
options = dict(re.findall(r"\((A|B|C|D)\) ([^\n]+)", text))
question_part, context = re.split(r"\(D\) [^\n]+\n", text, maxsplit=1)
question = re.sub(r"\([A-D]\) [^\n]+\n?", "", question_part).strip()
result = {"question": question, "context": context.strip(), **options}
if not all(key in result for key in ["A", "B", "C", "D"]):
raise ValueError("One or more options (A, B, C, D) are missing!")
# get label
label = -1
answer = example["output"]
if answer is None:
answer = ""
for idx, option in enumerate([options["A"], options["B"], options["C"], options["D"]]):
if answer.strip() == option.strip():
label = idx
result["label"] = label
return result
quality_dataset = quality_dataset.map(parse_example)
quality_dataset = quality_dataset.filter(lambda x: x["label"] >= 0)
train_ds = quality_dataset["train"].remove_columns(["pid", "input", "output"])
test_ds = quality_dataset["validation"].remove_columns(["pid", "input", "output"])
Specifically, only quality subset is kept and processed into MCQ format. The test split from original dataset is removed since it doesn't have ground truth labels.
Instead, validation split is assigned as test.
Number of examples in train: ~2.5k Number of examples in test: ~2.1k
This dataset can be used to test performance of a model focusing on long contexts. Input Tokens as per llama2 tokenizer: Mean -> 7.4k, SD: 2.3k, Max -> 11.6k
Relevant sections from the SCROLLS: Standardized CompaRison Over Long Language Sequences paper
QuALITY (Pang et al., 2021): A multiplechoice question answering dataset over stories
and articles sourced from Project Gutenberg,10 the
Open American National Corpus (Fillmore et al.,
1998; Ide and Suderman, 2004), and more. Experienced writers wrote questions and distractors, and
were incentivized to write answerable, unambiguous questions such that in order to correctly answer
them, human annotators must read large portions
of the given document. To measure the difficulty
of their questions, Pang et al. conducted a speed
validation process, where another set of annotators
were asked to answer questions given only a short
period of time to skim through the document. As
a result, 50% of the questions in QuALITY are
labeled as hard, i.e. the majority of the annotators in the speed validation setting chose the wrong
answer.