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7,800 | Processing of a viral glycoprotein in the endoplasmic reticulum for class II presentation | Endogenous processing of viral glycoproteins for presentation to CD4(+) T cells is a poorly investigated aspect of antigen processing and presentation. This pathway may involve not only pathogens, but also self proteins, and may thus be involved in self‐tolerance. We have characterized the processing of the endoplasmic... |
7,801 | Development and implementation of a system for the early identification of emerging risks in food and feed | According to EFSA's Founding Regulation, the Authority is required to “undertake action to identify and characterise emerging risks” in the field of food and feed safety. EFSA provides scientific advice to the risk manager, at both European and Member State level, for the identification of risks present in the food cha... |
7,802 | Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat from sheep and goats | A risk ranking process identified Toxoplasma gondii and pathogenic verocytotoxin‐producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) as the most relevant biological hazards for meat inspection of sheep and goats. As these are not detected by traditional meat inspection, a meat safety assurance system using risk‐based interventions was p... |
7,803 | The distribution, abundance and host plant relationships of Salix‐ feeding psyllids (Homoptera: Psylloidea) in arctic Alaska | Abstract. 1. Five species of psyllid occurred on seven species of Salix at Meade River, Alaska. Studies were made on the two common species Psylla pclmeni Löw and P.phlebophyllae Hodkinson. The former feeds on the phanerophy tes Salix pulchra, S.lanata, S.alaxensis and S.glauca, the latter on the chamaephytes S.phlebop... |
7,804 | Species prioritization for monitoring and management in regional multiple species conservation plans | Successful conservation plans are not solely achieved by acquiring optimally designed reserves. Ongoing monitoring and management of the biodiversity in those reserves is an equally important, but often neglected or poorly executed, part of the conservation process. In this paper we address one of the first and most im... |
7,805 | Politics of monitoring and evaluation: Lessons from the AIDS epidemic | Monitoring and evaluation programs must strike a balance between generating meaningful tactical information for program managers while taking steps to ensure that public data use does not worsen discrimination and stigma toward people who are positive for the human immunodeficiency virus. |
7,806 | Host–parasite interaction: multiple sites in the Plasmodium vivax tryptophan‐rich antigen PvTRAg38 interact with the erythrocyte receptor band 3 | Tryptophan‐rich antigens of malarial parasites interact with host molecules and play an important role in parasite survival. Merozoite expressed Plasmodium vivax tryptophan‐rich antigen PvTRAg38 binds to human erythrocytes and facilitates parasite growth in a heterlologous Plasmodium falciparum culture system. Recently... |
7,807 | Components and regulation of nuclear transport processes | The spatial separation of DNA replication and gene transcription in the nucleus and protein translation in the cytoplasm is a uniform principle of eukaryotic cells. This compartmentalization imposes a requirement for a transport network of macromolecules to shuttle these components in and out of the nucleus. This nucle... |
7,808 | Seasonal changes in distribution and abundance of euphausiids in the coastal area of north‐eastern Japan | ABSTRACT: Seasonal changes in distribution and abundance of euphausiids off south‐eastern Hokkaido (41°−43°N), Sanriku (38°−41°N), and Joban (36°−38°N) were investigated using cylindrical‐conical nets every two months from March 1997 to February 1998. Twenty‐six species of seven genera of euphausiids occurred during th... |
7,809 | Arabidopsis HY5 protein functions as a DNA‐binding tag for purification and functional immobilization of proteins on agarose/DNA microplate | Protein microarray is considered to be one of the key analytical tools for high‐throughput protein function analysis. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis HY5 functions as a novel DNA‐binding tag (DBtag) for proteins. We also demonstrate that the DBtagged proteins could be immobilized and purified on a newly designed a... |
7,810 | Aquatic bryophytes in Himalayan streams: testing a distribution model in a highly heterogeneous environment | 1. Aquatic bryophytes were sampled from 108 streams spanning over 3000 m of altitude in four regions of Nepal. Richness, cover and community composition were related to physicochemistry using multiple regression, DECORANA ordination and TWINSPAN. The performance of a hierarchically scaled descriptive model, developed i... |
7,811 | Template‐assisted rational design of peptide inhibitors of furin using the lysine fragment of the mung bean trypsin inhibitor | Highly active, small‐molecule furin inhibitors are attractive drug candidates to fend off bacterial exotoxins and viral infection. Based on the 22‐residue, active Lys fragment of the mung bean trypsin inhibitor, a series of furin inhibitors were designed and synthesized, and their inhibitory activity towards furin and ... |
7,812 | The role of ecological theory and practice in poverty alleviation and environmental conservation | The fight against global poverty has gained momentum following the creation of the Millennium Development Goals, which aim to halve extreme poverty by 2015. Traditionally, ecologists have not played leading roles in poverty alleviation. Yet, knowledge of ecosystem functions and processes can be applied to improve the l... |
7,813 | Thylakoid protein phosphorylation in evolutionally divergent species with oxygenic photosynthesis | Phosphothreonine antibody was used to explore reversible thylakoid protein phosphorylation in vivo in evolutionally divergent organisms with oxygenic photosynthesis. Three distinct groups of organisms were found. Cyanobacteria and red algae, both with phycobilisome antenna system, did not show phosphorylation of any of... |
7,814 | Characterization of inhibitory mechanism and antifungal activity between group‐1 and group‐2 phytocystatins from taro (Colocasia esculenta) | Tarocystatin from Colocasia esculenta, a group‐2 phytocystatin, is a defense protein against phytopathogenic nematodes and fungi. It is composed of a highly conserved N‐terminal region, which is homological to group‐1 cystatin, and a repetitive peptide at the C‐terminus. The purified recombinant proteins of tarocystati... |
7,815 | An insect picornavirus may have genome organization similar to that of caliciviruses | Computer‐assisted analysis of the amino acid sequence of the product encoded by the sequenced 3′ portion of the cricket paralysis virus (CrPV), an insect picornavirus, genome showed that this protein is homologous not to the RNA‐directed RNA polymerases, as originally suggested, but to the capsid proteins of mammalian ... |
7,816 | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA helicases: Essential molecular motor proteins for cellular machinery | DNA helicases are ubiquitous molecular motor proteins which harness the chemical free energy of ATP hydrolysis to catalyze the unwinding of energetically stable duplex DNA, and thus play important roles in nearly all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism, including replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. Th... |
7,817 | Unfolding of in planta activity of anti‐rep ribozyme in presence of a RNA silencing suppressor | Antisense RNA ribozymes have intrinsic endonucleolytic activity to effect cleavage of the target RNA. However, this activity in vivo is often controlled by the dominance of antisense or other double‐stranded RNA mechanism. In this work, we demonstrate the in planta activity of a hammerhead ribozyme designed to target r... |
7,818 | Spatial modelling of the infestation indices of Aedes aegypti: an innovative strategy for vector control actions in developing countries | BACKGROUND: Larval indices such as the house index (HI), Breteau index (BI) and container index (CI) are widely used to interpret arbovirus vector density in surveillance programmes. However, the use of such data as an alarm signal is rarely considered consciously when planning programmes. The present study aims to inv... |
7,819 | Use of antimalarials in dermatology | The antimalarials chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases for more than 60 years. Even today new indications evolve due to the complex mode of action of these compounds. Due to the fear of side effects, especially irreversible retinopathy, their use is often limited.... |
7,820 | Mechanopharmacology and Synergistic Relaxation of Airway Smooth Muscle | Asthmatic airways are stiffer than normal. We have shown that the cytoskeletal passive stiffness of airway smooth muscle (ASM) can be regulated by intracellular signaling pathways, especially those associated with Rho kinase (ROCK). We have also shown that an oscillatory strain reduces the passive stiffness of ASM and ... |
7,821 | Preliminary Development and Engineering Evaluation of a Novel Cricothyrotomy Device | Cricothyrotomy is one of the procedures used to ventilate patients with upper airway blockage. This paper examines the most regularly used and preferred cricothyrotomy devices on the market, suggests critical design specifications for improving cricothyrotomy devices, introduces a new cricothyrotomy device, and perform... |
7,822 | The Effect of Chemical Cleaning on Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid | Three-dimensional (3D) printing may be a solution to shortages of equipment and spare parts in the healthcare sector of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Polylactic acid (PLA) for 3D printing is widely available and biocompatible, but there is a gap in knowledge concerning its compatibility with chemical disinf... |
7,823 | Design and Prototyping of a Low-Cost Portable Mechanical Ventilator | This paper describes the design and prototyping of a low-cost portable mechanical ventilator for use in mass casualty cases and resource-poor environments. The ventilator delivers breaths by compressing a conventional bag-valve mask (BVM) with a pivoting cam arm, eliminating the need for a human operator for the BVM. A... |
7,824 | Custom-Fit Three-Dimensional-Printed BiPAP Mask to Improve Compliance in Patients Requiring Long-Term Noninvasive Ventilatory Support | Noninvasive ventilator support using bi-level positive airway pressure/continuous positive airway pressure (BiPAP/CPAP) is commonly utilized for chronic medical conditions like sleep apnea and neuromuscular disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that lead to weakness of respiratory muscles. Generic masks co... |
7,825 | Saponins of Dioscorea Nipponicae Inhibits IL-17A-Induced Changes in Biomechanical Behaviors of In Vitro Cultured Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells | Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is one of the main pathologic features of bronchial asthma, which is largely attributable to enhanced contractile response of asthmatic airway smooth muscle. Although β2 adrenergic receptor agonists are commonly used to relax airway smooth muscle for treating AHR, there are side effects... |
7,826 | Airway Transmural Pressures in an Airway Tree During Bronchoconstriction in Asthma | Airway transmural pressure in healthy homogeneous lungs with dilated airways is approximately equal to the difference between intraluminal and pleural pressure. However, bronchoconstriction causes airway narrowing, parenchymal distortion, dynamic hyperinflation, and the emergence of ventilation defects (VDefs) affectin... |
7,827 | The Aftermath of Bronchoconstriction | Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and excessive constriction of the airway. Detailed investigation exploring inflammation and the role of immune cells has revealed a variety of possible mechanisms by which chronic inflammation drives asthma development. However, the underlying m... |
7,828 | Myosin Crossbridge, Contractile Unit, and the Mechanism of Contraction in Airway Smooth Muscle: A Mechanical Engineer's Perspective | Muscle contraction is caused by the action of myosin motors within the structural confines of contractile unit arrays. When the force generated by cyclic interactions between myosin crossbridges and actin filaments is greater than the average load shared by the crossbridges, sliding of the actin filaments occurs and th... |
7,829 | The Role of Airway Shunt Elastance on the Compartmentalization of Respiratory System Impedance | An inverse model consisting of two elastic compartments connected in series and served by two airway conduits has recently been fit to measurements of respiratory impedance in obese subjects. Increases in the resistance of the distal conduit of the model with increasing body mass index have been linked to peripheral ai... |
7,830 | Internet-of-Things-Enabled Dual-Channel Iontophoretic Drug Delivery System for Elderly Patient Medication Management | Wireless controllers have found its application in the supervision of the patients in the hospitals. It is not only a valid issue for the developing countries but also for the developed countries. For this reason, scientists are working on the advancement of medical devices that are capable of decreasing the workload o... |
7,831 | The Strain on Airway Smooth Muscle During a Deep Inspiration to Total Lung Capacity | The deep inspiration (DI) maneuver entices a great deal of interest because of its ability to temporarily ease the flow of air into the lungs. This salutary effect of a DI is proposed to be mediated, at least partially, by momentarily increasing the operating length of airway smooth muscle (ASM). Concerningly, this pre... |
7,832 | Medical Devices for Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Directions for Development | The development of diagnostics and medical devices has historically been concentrated in high-income countries, despite a significant need to expand healthcare services to low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Poor quality healthcare extends beyond LMIC to underserved communities in developed countries. This paper r... |
7,833 | Structured Tree Impedance Outflow Boundary Conditions for 3D Lung Simulations | In this paper, we develop structured tree outflow boundary conditions for modeling the airflow in patient specific human lungs. The utilized structured tree is used to represent the nonimageable vessels beyond the 3D domain. The coupling of the two different scales (1D and 3D) employs a Dirichlet–Neumann approach. The ... |
7,834 | Reorganization of the Vimentin Network in Smooth Muscle | Vimentin intermediate filaments (IFs) link to desmosomes (intercellular junctions) on the membrane and dense bodies in the cytoplasm, which provides a structural base for intercellular and intracellular force transmission in smooth muscle. There is evidence to suggest that the vimentin framework plays an important role... |
7,835 | Diagnostics as the Key to Advances in Global Health: Proposed Methods for Making Reliable Diagnostics Widely Available | This paper proposes a structure and method for the development of an AI diagnostic system as a highly leveraged step toward improvements in delivery of healthcare in underserved regions. First, the paper provides a high-level, general review of the current efforts to provide healthcare services in underserved areas and... |
7,836 | Flow and Particle Dispersion in Lung Acini: Effect of Geometric and Dynamic Parameters During Synchronous Ventilation | The human lung comprises about 300 million alveoli which are located on bronchioles between the 17th to 24th generations of the acinar tree, with a progressively higher population density in the deeper branches (lower acini). The alveolar size and aspect ratio change with generation number. Due to successive bifurcatio... |
7,837 | The effect of inhaled and intranasal sodium cromoglyeate on symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections | Background A well established drug for the treatment of asthma and allergy, sodium cromoglycale, was found in open trials to be useful as a symptomalic treatment for upper respiratory tract infections. Objective To compare the efficacy of inhaled and intranasal sodium cromoglyeate and matching placebos on the symptoms ... |
7,838 | Amplified rhinovirus colds in atopic subjects | Abstract. Evidence suggests that atopic individuals may be predisposed to more severe rhinoviral colds coupled to a worsening of existing airway disease than those with asthma. The role of atopy and IgE levels, as well as their relationship to clinical disease expression have not been defined. We hypothesized that an a... |
7,839 | Effect of experimental rhinovirus 16 colds on airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine and interleukin‐8 in nasal lavage in asthmatic subjects in vivo | Background Asthma exacerbations are closely associated with respiratory virus infections. However, the pathophysiological consequences of such infections in asthma are largely unclear. Objective To examine the effect of rhinovirus 16 (RV16) infection on airway hypersensitivity to histamine. and on interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) ... |
7,840 | Bronchial inflammation and the common cold: a comparison of atopic and non‐atopic individuals | Background Cold virus infections are associated with asthma attacks and with increased bronchial responsiveness even in normal subjects. Possible mechanisms include epithelial damage, interaction with adhesion molecules or with T‐helper cell subsets. Objective To determine whether colds increase lower airway inflammati... |
7,841 | A Single Ventilator for Multiple Simulated Patients to Meet Disaster Surge | Objectives To determine if a ventilator available in an emergency department could quickly be modified to provide ventilation for four adults simultaneously. Methods Using lung simulators, readily available plastic tubing, and ventilators (840 Series Ventilator; Puritan‐Bennett), human lung simulators were added in par... |
7,842 | Isozymes, and the status of Taraxacum (Asteraceae) agamospecies | HUGHES, L. & RICHARDS, A. J., 1989. Isozymes and the status of Taraxacum (Asteraceae) agamospecies. Genetic identities I and Similarity Indices SI are calculated between 12 samples of Taraxacum, on the basis of 40 isozymes at 15 loci for 10 enzyme systems. Samples included three polyploid agamospermous populations from... |
7,843 | VENTILatOry strategies in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: the VENTILO Survey of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) | BACKGROUND: Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients often develop acute respiratory failure. Optimal ventilator strategies in this setting are not well established. We performed an international survey to investigate the practice in the ventilatory management of TBI patients with and without respiratory failure. M... |
7,844 | Comparison of ELISA with electro-chemiluminescence technology for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of serological responses to vaccination | BACKGROUND: Profiling immune responses induced by either infection or vaccination can provide insight into identification of correlates of protection. Furthermore, profiling of serological responses can be used to identify biomarkers indicative of exposure to pathogens. Conducting such immune surveillance requires read... |
7,845 | Enteric viral infections as a cause of diarrhoea in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | Background and aims The role of non‐cytomegalovirus (CMV) enteric viral infection in causing diarrhoea in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of these infections in acute and chronic diarrhoea. Methods Stool specimens from 377 HIV‐infected patien... |
7,846 | Preventing healthcare‐associated infection: risks, healthcare systems and behaviour | More than 177 000 potentially preventable healthcare‐associated infections (HAIs) occur per annum in Australia with sizable attributable mortality. Organizational systems to protect against HAI in hospitals in Australia are relatively poorly developed. Awareness and practice of infection control by medical and other he... |
7,847 | Integrated bus transit scheduling for the Beijing bus group based on a unified mode of operation | This paper presents an applied study of scheduling buses and drivers for the Beijing Bus Group (BJBUS), the largest bus company in China. This is pioneering research in China for bus transit scheduling using computers based on a unified mode of operation. It is anticipated that the research fruits and experiences obtai... |
7,848 | Antiviral Antibodies in Dogs in the Netherlands | SUMMARY: Antiviral antibodies in dogs in the Netherlands A collection of more than 700 canine sera, coming from open and closed populations and from kennels with frequent neonatal mortality, were screened for the prevalence of antibodies to canine adenoviruses, canine herpesvirus, polyoma virus, REOviruses, parainfluen... |
7,849 | Structural and Functional Characterization of Gene Products Encoded in the Human Genome by Homology Detection | Availability of the human genome data has enabled the exploration of a huge amount of biological information encoded in it. There are extensive ongoing experimental efforts to understand the biological functions of the gene products encoded in the human genome. However, computational analysis can aid immensely in the i... |
7,850 | Acute and chronic changes in the microcirculation of the liver in inbred strains of mice following infection with mouse hepatitis virus type 3 | The acute and chronic effects of mouse hepatitis virus type 3 on the microcirculation of the liver in both semisusceptible C3HeB/FeJ and fully resistant A/J mice were studied. In the C3HeB/FeJ mice, abnormalities of microcirculatory flow were noted as early as 12 hr after infection and by 24 hr, localized avascular foc... |
7,851 | VERTICAL MIGRATION AND AVOIDANCE CAPABILITY OF EUPHAUSIIDS IN THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT | Comparisons of day and night vertical distributions of euphausiids at the same stations make it possible to estimate 1) the extent of vertical migration of the furcilia, juveniles, and adults of the Euphausiacea (Crustacea) species, or 2) their ability to avoid the net in the daytime, or both. Seven species of Euphausi... |
7,852 | Some chronic rhinosinusitis patients have elevated populations of fungi in their sinuses, | OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To measure the populations of 36 fungi in the homes and sinuses of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and non‐CRS patients. STUDY DESIGN: Single‐blind cross‐sectional study. METHODS: Populations of 36 fungi were measured in sinus samples and in the home vacuum cleaner dust of CRS (n = 73) and non‐CRS p... |
7,853 | Parental behaviour in Maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus at Belo Horizonte Zoo | There is limited information on the reproductive behaviour of the Maned wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus. Although it is a monogamous species, little is known about the ♂'s role in the rearing of pups. In 1994 a comparative study of the behaviour of two ♀♀ with new‐born pups was carried out at Belo Horizonte Zoo to try to es... |
7,854 | Extending the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to presence/absence data: A case study on North American breeding birds and biogeographical shifts expected from climate change | Understanding how species composition varies across space and time is fundamental to ecology. While multiple methods having been created to characterize this variation through the identification of groups of species that tend to co‐occur, most of these methods unfortunately are not able to represent gradual variation i... |
7,855 | Discovery of sympatric cryptic species within Gekko hokouensis (Gekkonidae: Squamata) from the Okinawa Islands, Japan, by use of allozyme data | An electrophoretic survey of samples of the gekkonid lizard, Gekko hokouensis, from the East Asian islands demonstrated that two genetically divergent, but morphologically almost identical, entities occur on five islands of the Okinawa Group, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. These entities, while sharing all of the external ... |
7,856 | Seroepidemiology of Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Infections Using Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus as Antigen | SUMMARY: By indirect immunofluorescence on pig thyroid cells infected with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus of swine, antibodies were detected in sera from cats after experimental infection with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus material. Also antibodies could be demonstrated in body fluids from 21 fie... |
7,857 | An immunoprobe to measure Rubisco concentrations and maximal photosynthetic rates of individual phytoplankton cells | The cross‐reactivity of an immunological probe to the key photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco (ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) was characterized as part of a larger effort to determine maximal photosynthetic rates of individual phytoplankton cells. Polyclonal antiserum was produced against purified Rubisco f... |
7,858 | Mucosal immunity and tolerance: relevance to vaccine development | Summary: The mucosal immune system of mammals consists of an integrated network of lymphoid cells which work in concert with innate host factors to promote host defense. Major mucosal effector immune mechanisms include secretory antibodies, largely of immunoglobulin A (IgA) isotype, cytotoxic T cells, as well as cytoki... |
7,859 | Molecular mimicry: Can epitope mimicry induce autoimmune disease? | Mimicry of host antigens by infectious agents may induce cross‐reactive autoimmune responses to epitopes within host proteins which, in susceptible individuals, may tip the balance of immunological response versus tolerance toward response and subsequently lead to autoimmune disease. Epitope mimicry may indeed be invol... |
7,860 | Evapotranspiration and water source of a tropical rainforest in peninsular Malaysia | To evaluate water use and the supporting water source of a tropical rainforest, a 4‐year assessment of evapotranspiration (ET) was conducted in Pasoh Forest Reserve, a lowland dipterocarp forest in Peninsular Malaysia. The eddy covariance method and isotope signals of rain, plant, soil, and stream waters were used to d... |
7,861 | Comparative morphology of the venom apparatus in the braconid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and related taxa | Zaldivar‐Riverón, A., Areekul, B., Shaw, M. R. & Quicke, D. L. J. (2004). Comparative morphology of the venom apparatus in the braconid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and related taxa. —Zoologica Scripta, 33, 223–237. The morphology of the venom apparatus intima in representatives of 38 gen... |
7,862 | The Effect of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection on the Microcirculation of the Liver | Mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection results in strain‐dependent liver disease. The effects of mouse hepatitis virus type 3 on the microcirculation of the liver in both fully susceptible (Balb/cJ) and fully resistant (A/J) mice were studied. In Balb/cJ mice, 6 to 12 hr following infection, abnormalities in liver bloo... |
7,863 | The role of the neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 (SLC6A19) in Hartnup disorder and protein nutrition | Hartnup disorder (OMIM 234500) is an autosomal recessive disorder, which was first described in 1956 as an aminoaciduria of neutral amino acids accompanied by a variety of symptoms, such as a photo‐sensitive skin‐rash and cerebellar ataxia. The disorder is caused by mutations in the neutral amino acid transporter B(0)A... |
7,864 | PERICARDITIS ASSOCIATED WITH TICK‐BORNE Q FEVER | A case of pericarditis associated with Q fever is described. Transmission was probably via an arthropod vector, which was most likely the kangaroo tick Amblyomma triguttatum. Complete recovery occurred in association with the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents only. This is a rare presentation of Q fever imp... |
7,865 | Promising Trends in Access to Medicines | It is a vast understatement to say that the problem of access to medicines in developing countries is complex. Access is limited by a range of factors including inability to pay, a lack of infrastructure, and corruption in some countries. Surrounding and exacerbating these structural and technological problems is the l... |
7,866 | Plant species richness of nature reserves: the interplay of area, climate and habitat in a central European landscape | Aim To detect regional patterns of plant species richness in temperate nature reserves and determine the unbiased effects of environmental variables by mutual correlation with operating factors. Location The Czech Republic. Methods Plant species richness in 302 nature reserves was studied by using 14 explanatory variab... |
7,867 | Initial Lung Lesions in Two Calves Experimentally Infected with Haemophilus somnus | The initial lung lesions in two calves intrabronchially inoculated with Haemophilus somnus are described. The animals were euthanized within 7 h after challenge. The in situ location of H. somnus and accompanying lesions were examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).... |
7,868 | Major vault protein plays important roles in viral infection | Viral replication and related protein expression inside the host cells, and host antiviral immune responses can lead to the occurrence of diverse diseases. With the outbreak of viral infection, a large number of newly diagnosed and died patients infected with various viruses are still reported every year. Viral infecti... |
7,869 | Safety procedures of coagulation factors | Abstract Two main types of safety procedures must be applied to biological products, including plasma derivatives: (i) preventive procedures and (ii) elimination procedures.Prevention includes epidemiological control of donor populations; checks on each donor’s health condition; analysis of each donation for the main p... |
7,870 | Construction of a multiplex allele‐specific PCR‐based universal array (ASPUA) and its application to hearing loss screening | We demonstrate a new method, using a universal array approach termed multiplex allele‐specific PCR‐based universal array (ASPUA), and applied it to the mutation detection of hereditary hearing loss. Mutations in many different genes may be the cause of hereditary hearing loss, a sensory defect disorder. Effective metho... |
7,871 | Prioritizing Zoonotic Diseases: Differences in Perspectives Between Human and Animal Health Professionals in North America | Zoonoses pose a significant burden of illness in North America. Zoonoses represent an additional threat to public health because the natural reservoirs are often animals, particularly wildlife, thus eluding control efforts such as quarantine, vaccination and social distancing. As there are limited resources available, ... |
7,872 | Respiratory inflammation and infections in high‐performance athletes | Upper respiratory illness is the most common reason for non‐injury‐related presentation to a sports medicine clinic, accounting for 35–65% of illness presentations. Recurrent or persistent respiratory illness can have a negative impact on health and performance of athletes undertaking high levels of strenuous exercise.... |
7,873 | Clinical assessment of Optivate(®), a high‐purity concentrate of factor VIII with von Willebrand factor, in the management of patients with haemophilia A | Summary. Factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates have revolutionized the treatment of patients with haemophilia A. Concerns over the transmission of viral infections through these products have been addressed through stringent, donor‐screening procedures and robust antiviral manufacturing steps. Bio Products Laboratory has de... |
7,874 | Pathogenicity of Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis (Vomiting and Wasting Disease) Virus of Pigs, using Different Routes of Inoculation | SUMMARY: Forty‐eight pigs were inoculated by different routes with the VW 572 isolate of the hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis (vomiting and wasting disease) virus. All piglets inoculated by the combined oral — nasal route (16) or into the infraorbital nerve (3) became sick after an incubation period of 5 days. Six of... |
7,875 | Vulnerability of rat and mouse brain cells to murine hepatitis virus (JHM‐strain): Studies in vivo and in vitro | The pathogenicity and cell tropism of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV‐JHM‐strain) in the developing mouse (Balb/c) and rat (Wistar and Lewis) brain were analysed. Intracranial infection of Balb/c mice at postnatal day 5 induced a lethal encephalitis in all animals. Of Wistar rats infected at day 2 or 5 after birth, 30 to 70... |
7,876 | An historical overview of selected rare ruminants in captivity | In assessing the situation revealed by the survey, we concluded that in general when sufficient numbers of founders were available and attention paid to the animals general and specific needs, including preventative medicine, the captive populations have done reasonably well. Is is obvious that some small groups, such ... |
7,877 | Distribution of Trichoptera communities in the Hozgargantacatchment (Los Alcornocales Natural Park, SW Spain) | The distribution of Trichoptera of the Hozgarganta River (Los Alcornocales Natural Park, SW Spain) in relation with environmental factors was examined. Three groups of species were recognised according to the altitudinal gradient. In the headwaters the caddisflies Rhyacophila fonticola, Lepidostoma hirtum, Silonella au... |
7,878 | Isolation of a Virus Closely Related to Feline Panleukopenia Virus from Dogs with Diarrhea | SUMMARY: Parvovirus‐like particles were demonstrated by negative contrast electron microscopy in feces of dogs involved in outbreaks of a contagious diarrhea in the Netherlands. The virus was isolated in a continuous cell line in which it produced intranuclear inclusion bodies. It showed a close antigenic relationship ... |
7,879 | Indoor bioaerosol dynamics | Inhaling indoor air is the primary means by which humans are exposed to bioaerosols. Considering bacteria, fungi, and viruses, this study reviews the dynamic processes that govern indoor concentrations and fates of biological particulate material. Bioaerosol behavior is strongly coupled to particle size; this study emp... |
7,880 | Molecular systematics of the Philippine forest skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Sphenomorphus): testing morphological hypotheses of interspecific relationships | Skinks of the genus Sphenomorphus are the most diverse clade of squamates in the Philippine Archipelago. Morphological examination of these species has defined six phenotypic groups that are commonly used in characterizations of taxonomic hypotheses. We used a molecular phylogeny based on four mitochondrial and two nuc... |
7,881 | Comparative genome organization of the major histocompatibility complex: lessons from the Felidae | Summary: The mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has taught both immunologists and evolutionary biologists a great deal about the patterns and processes that have led to immune defenses. Driven principally by human and mouse studies, comparative MHC projects among other mammalian species offer certain adva... |
7,882 | Characterization of an animal model of metastatic colon carcinoma | Although numerous animal tumor models have been used to study colon carcinoma, few display metastatic properties. We have characterized an animal tumor model that has 3 properties essential for the study of metastasis of colon carcinoma cells: epithelial cell origin; a reproducible pattern of metastatic behavior and th... |
7,883 | Revision of the coral genus Acropora (Scleractinia: Astrocoeniina: Acroporidae) in Indonesia | The coral genus Acropora is reviewed from Indonesia for the first time, following detailed collections made at 131 sites and additional material collected from approximately 40 sites throughout the archipelago during the period 1993–6. Eighty‐three species are recorded, four of these (Acropora halmaherae, A. awi, A. pl... |
7,884 | Tolerance and autoimmunity in TCR transgenic mice specific for myelin basic protein | Summary: T‐cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice provide the ability to follow the maturation and fate of T cells specific for self‐antigens in vivo. This technology represents a major breakthrough in the study of autoimmune diseases in which specific antigens have been implicated. Proteins expressed within the central n... |
7,885 | Assessment of hazard metrics for predicting field benthic invertebrate toxicity in the Detroit River, Ontario, Canada | Numerical sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) are frequently used to interpret site‐specific sediment chemistry and predict potential toxicity to benthic communities. These SQGs are useful for a screening line of evidence (LOE) that can be combined with other LOEs in a full weight of evidence (WOE) assessment of impacte... |
7,886 | Context of diversification of the viviparous Gyrodactylidae (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea) | Using four criteria proposed a decade ago by Brooks & McLennan to identify a case of adaptive radiation indicates that the evolutionary history of the viviparous clade of the Gyrodactylidae is dominated by nonvicariant processes. The viviparous clade, with 446 species, has significantly more species than its sister cla... |
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